Valence means the degree to which a person feels good or bad, and arousal means the degree to which a person feels calm or excited. Other scientists believe that there are just two properties that make us experience emotion in any situation and they are called valence and arousal. ![]() Scientists who support this view of emotion consider each type to be a family of emotions that contains closely related emotions, such as anger, frustration, and rage. The most widely studied types of emotion-anger, disgust, fear, happiness, and sadness-are the main characters in the film Inside Out. Different scientists believe in competing theories of the structure of emotion.įor many years, most psychologists (scientists who study the mind, and why we do the things that they do) believed that emotions could be boiled down to five or six types. This is the question of how emotion is structured. We wanted to study how many different emotions these words actually refer to, and how these emotions relate to each other. People use many different words to describe the emotions that they feel. ![]() Despite these limitations, however, self-reported experience, meaning what a person says about what he or she is feeling, is the most direct way to measure emotional feelings. ![]() It is also worth noting that terms like “angry” and “amused” might mean different things to different people. Of course, we cannot know whether a person is telling the truth about what he or she is feeling. The majority of scientists who study emotion measure it by asking people what they are feeling. And emotions involve behaviors, like yelling at someone when you are angry.Īlthough there are many different parts of an emotion, feelings are usually considered the most important part. They also involve expressive movements, including facial expressions and sounds-for example, when you say “woah” because you are fascinated by something. They involve bodily reactions, like when your heart races because you feel excited. Most scientists believe that emotions involve things other than just feelings. The concept of emotion may seem simple, but scientists often have trouble agreeing on what it really means. However, while these five emotions are very important, recent evidence indicates that we also experience many other emotions in our everyday lives. These happen to be the emotions that scientists have focused on the most. But how many “colors” of emotion are there? If you saw Inside Out, you might remember that it showed five different emotions, each one with an animated character: anger, disgust, fear, happiness, and sadness. In the animated film, which takes place inside the mind of a child, memories are depicted as glass orbs, literally colored by emotion. These ideas about emotion are backed up by science, including important research by Keltner at the University of California, Berkeley, and were famously put to life through the film Inside Out, which Dr. Emotions color both our inner world and the world around us, telling us where to look, what to remember, what to think about, and what to do next. The Experience of EmotionĬonsider the last time you felt angry at a classmate, anxious over a presentation, or overwhelmed with awe at the beauty of your surroundings-perhaps during the solar eclipse last August. Our results may help people who study emotional disorders and the way the brain represents emotion, and may also help to design phones and computers that react appropriately to the emotions we express. This map reveals that the emotions people report experiencing are more complex than scientists had thought. To show what these different emotions are and how they can be blended together, we created an online interactive map. Our findings told us that there are at least 25 different kinds of emotion, and that many of them can be mixed together. We then used mathematical techniques to see how many different emotions were captured in people’s responses. To study the number of different kinds of emotional feelings that people experience in response to different situations, we collected over 300,000 self-reported emotional responses to 2,185 emotional videos. Another theory is that we feel two opposite emotions, like pleasure or displeasure and excitement or calmness, that are mixed together to form all of our emotional feelings. One theory is that we feel five or six different kinds of emotion, like anger and amusement, and that each emotion is completely different from all of the others. ![]() Even though these emotional feelings determine how we behave, psychologists have not figured out how many different kinds of emotions we feel. We watch TV shows that make us laugh or cry. Throughout life, our feelings influence the choices that we make.
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